Over at Fun Art in the Drawing and Sketching group, I posted this tutorial, and thought my readers might like it so I’m posting it here, too.
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Practice Shading
Materials needed:
Sturdy paper
Watercolor pencils
Gesso
Small or medium brush
A good way to learn about shading is to copy over something that already has the shading painted or drawn in. I’ll take you step by step through how I did it with a napkin.

I used a cocktail napkin that had a fruit design on it. AT the time I didn’t have any gel medium, so I coated a page in my journal (which is a book of text) with gesso, then laid the napkin over the page. I like some wrinkles so mine is totally smooth. However, if you prefer a smooth surface, start in the center of the napkin and begin to gently smooth toward the edges. After you’ve smoothed it all out, use a brayer to repeat smoothing and be sure the edges are down securely.
Whether you used an adhesive, or gesso to glue the napkin down, you then need to paint over the napkin with a wash of gesso. Mix some water with the gesso, to make it transparent enough to see through.
Outlining
After the gesso has dried, outline the shapes or objects on your napkin with watercolor pencils. Use a medium color that matches the object. You will need at least three shades of each color that you’ll use. Outline with the medium color of the three. (You’ll also need a dark umber brown or black, and a white).
If your napkin has a background, don’t worry about that yet.

After you design is outlined, you’ll start filling in the color. But first, a few tricks to keep in mind:
o Round objects are created by the outer edges being dark and the center being light.
o Find the light source of your design. You will see shadows somewhere. Sometimes they might just be to the right or the left, but usually they will be to the right and lower or above. In this napkin, the shadows are to the upper, right area of each piece. That means the light is shining from below and to the left.
o Since our subject is still, the light source remains constant, so the shadow will be in the same area on every object in your napkin.
Filling in the Color
Start by softening the edges of the dark outline. You don’t’ want it to appear that you drew a line around it, so softly color it in toward the center, but not too wide. Occasionally, smudge the color with your finger.
After you’ve made a smudgy outline, you can begin coloring in the whole object with the lighter of the three colors. Color it in fully, but don’t press too hard so the color won’t be too dark. When using this color, go ahead and color over the outline also. This makes the colors blend and begins to give the shape to your object. Use your fingers to blend and smudge the colors.
Create Shadows
Now use the darker of the three colors to color in the shadows. Your gesso is transparent so you can see where the shadows are in the objects on the napkin. Notice, as I mentioned above, where the shadows are. This will help if there are areas where you can’t readily see the shadow on your napkin.
To color in the shadow fill in gently the area. On my napkin the shadow was to the right, upper area of the fruit. So I imagined each oval or circle as a square, and started in the upper, right corner and gradually came out from that corner.
Hopefully, you can see the beginning of the shading in this picture:

Finish the shading on all your objects, and if there are areas that are darker, use a black or dark umber brown color to make the shadows darker. Do this sparingly so you don’t prevent the objects from having the color they need. Once the shading is done, find the highlight area. This will be near the center on a round object. It will also be opposite the shadows. So in this example where the shadows are upper, right, the highlight will lower left. Since my objects are round the highlight is closer to the center than the extreme lower, left.
When all is done, go back with the lighter of the three colors and lightly color over all the shadows and highlights to blend all the colors together. Do this lightly and smudge with your fingers as you color.
For the background, pick a color and fill in all the background areas. In the background areas that are small, which would have a shadow cast under the fruit I used the brown to darken that area a bit.

If you feel the pencil marks are too obvious and/or if you need to blend more, you can use a small amount of water on a brush and blend the pencil. Be careful in doing this because it begins to move the color around and you’ll move your shadows and highlights if you aren’t careful. Also, use water sparingly because it will cause the napkin to tear if it gets too wet.
Hope you enjoy and learn about shading!
Zura